"A Few Words About Sudoku, Which Has None." "There are 5472730538 Essentially Different Sudoku Grids."Įasy: 100 Wordless Crossword Puzzles. "In Sudoku, 9 Little Numbers Create a Big Challenge." The New York "Math Games: Sudoku Variations." Sept. 6, 2005. ![]() "Number Place." Dell Pencil Puzzles & Word Games. "Sudoku's French Ancestors." Pour la Science. "In and Out: In-Flight Puzzle." Mathematica J. Boyer, in the 1890's, many french newspapers and magazines (Le Siècle, La France, Gil Blas, l'Echo de Paris, Les Tablettes du Chercheur, and La Revue des Jeux) featured puzzles which are similar to Sudoku. Conveniently, this number is the given in thatĪccording to research by C. In addition, each number inside the polyomino (blueĬells) must be no larger than the number of blue cells in its region. The puzzle above has the diagonal requirement. Others require that the main diagonals use all nine digits. The smallest possible pandiagonal sudoku is (Boyer 2006 ). Whether another exists with either one or two solutions is unknown. His analysis of the existing 17-clueĮxamples has revealed a structurally unique 16-clue Sudoku that has exactly two solutions These facts were noted by math genius Charlie Eppes when discussing the relative merits of recreational solving of puzzles versus writing computer programs to solveįair" (2006) of the television crime drama NUMB3RS.ġ7-clue Sudoku puzzles with unique solutions. Of blocks of rows 1-3, 4-6, and 7-9 permutation of columns 1-3 permutation of rowsġ-3 permutation of columns 4-6 permutation of rows 4-6 permutation of columns Reflection rotation permutation of blocks of columns 1-3, 4-6, and 7-9 permutation (For example, for the case the allowed equivalences are: relabeling entries The numbers of inequivalent (i.e., reduced modulo symmetries) completed Sudokus areġ, 2, 5472730538. The numbers of completed Sudokus of size for, 2. Harder grids require the "forcing chains" technique. The process known as "scanning" involves analyzing a cell for possible values, and filling cells where only one number is possible. ![]() Garns died in 1989 before getting a chance to see his creation as a worldwide phenomenon The puzzle received a large amount of attention in the United States and Europe in 2005 after a regular Sudoku puzzle began appearing in the London Times. Outside Japan, the Japanese name predominates. Number Place, often using the English name. Used by Nikoli with the Japan-only trademarked name Sudoku (Su = number, Doku = single).ĭue to the trademark issues, in Japan, the puzzle became well-known as nanpure, or ![]() Under the U.S.-only trademarked name "Number Place," Sudoku was first published anonymously by Garns (1979) for Dell Pencil Puzzles. This kind of sudoku is therefore a particular case of "givens." Valid solutions use each of the numbers 1-9 exactly once withinĮach row, column and region. The "classic" Sudoku, a square is divided into "regions", with various squares filled with Sudoku (literally, "single number"), sometimes also is a pencil-and-paper logic puzzle whose goal is to complete a grid satisfying various constraints.
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