![]() Observed Crop Reporting District (CRD)-level corn yield data from 1981-2010 were obtained from the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) Quick Stats Database. Climate normals, or averages, are calculated at the climate division level based on 30 years of observations (1981-2010), which is consistent with the time periods used by the World Meteorological Organization.Īdditional information about ACIS is available at. Data are for the climate division level for the North Central Region (domain of the U2U research project: North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio). Data are from the DRD964x climate observations dataset (1980-2010) as opposed to the current nClimDiv dataset in ACIS (NCDC 2014), which was not yet available at the time of analysis for this product. The observed monthly precipitation and temperature data used in this analysis are from the Applied Climate Information System (ACIS) through the Midwestern Regional Climate Center (MRCC) cli-MATE user interface. The same classification scheme is applied to the AO. Events where not further classified as weak, moderate, or strong events. Classification of months as El Niño, La Niña, or neutral in the Climate Patterns Viewer are based on the 0.5 or greater and -0.5 or less cold and warm thresholds, respectively, with neutral events ranging from -0.4 to 0.4. The dataset of historic ONI phases for this product were collected in 2011/2012, prior to the ENSO reclassification scheme developed by Lindsey (2013), and our dataset has not been updated to reflect those changes. ONI is based on the three-month running mean of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Niño 3.4 region (5oN-5oS, 120o-170oW). Teleconnection data for ENSO and AO are from 1981-2010 and obtained from the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center (CPC).Ĭlimate Patterns Viewer uses the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) to determine ENSO events. ![]() CPV helps Corn Belt farmers and advisors identify those locations where specific ENSO and AO phases have historically resulted in notable local impacts throughout the year.ĭata Sources and Calculations Teleconnections ![]() Corn Belt are less uniform and less predictable than in other parts of the world. The effects of ENSO and AO on local temperatures, precipitation, and crop yields in the U.S. Different configurations of a teleconnection (also called “phase”) result in different types of impacts, and knowledge about the relationship between phase and impact can help corn farmers make more informed management decisions. Impacts can be immediate or have a delayed onset, and can last for weeks or months at a time. A teleconnection is simply an atmospheric circulation or pressure pattern in one part of the world that can alter weather conditions in another part of the world. ![]() The Climate Patterns Viewer (CPV) provides a historical look at how two teleconnections, the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO), have affected local climate conditions across the Corn Belt.
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